More Information and References

Organizations Involved in Great Lakes Work

• Canadian Association on Water Quality (CAWQ)
• Environment and Climate Change Canada
• Great Lakes Observing System
• International Joint Commission
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks
• Regional Municipality of York – Wastewater Collection and Treatment
• Regional Municipality of Durham – Wastewater and Sewers

Nutrient Sources in Western Durham

• Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) Regional Watershed Monitoring Program
• Duffin Creek Water Pollution Control Plant
• Duffin Creek Water Pollution Control Plant Advisory Committee
• Silica and Phytoplankton in the Nearshore

Marine Weather Conditions

• Eastern Lake Ontario winds: Oshawa Airport, Government of Canada
• Eastern Lake Ontario currents: Ajax Buoy, Government of Canada

Cladophora and Mussel Issues in the Great Lakes

• Mussels controlling phosphorus cycling in the Great Lakes
• Cladophora by Western Durham
• Cladophora across western Lake Ontario
• VIDEO on Cladophora issues in the Great Lakes – Harvey Bootsma
• Michigan Technological Institute Cladophora mapping
• Return of the slime
• Mussels and Cladophora
• Mussels and Cladophora by St. Catharines
• Phosphorus and Cladophora
• Mussels, Phytoplankton, and the nearshore shunt: Bocaniov, S., Smith R.E.H., Spillman, C.M., Hipsey, M.R., and Leon, L.F., 2013. The nearshore shunt and the decline of the phytoplankton spring bloom in the Laurentian Great Lakes: insights from a three-dimensional lake model. Hydrobiologia, Aug 2013. doi: 10.1007/s10750-013-1642-2.
• Cladophora and the phosphorus nearshore shunt
• Mussels and Ecosystem Restructuring
• Cladophora and E.coli, in the nearshore
• The importance of mussels and nutrients in algae growth
• Modeling water quality and Cladophora to develop nearshore ecosystem objectives
• Cladophora in Lake Ontario

Water Quality and Physical Dynamics in the Great Lakes

Water Quality and Hydrodynamics:

• Rao, Y.R., Milne, J.E., and Marvin, C.H. (2012) Hydrodynamics and water quality in western Lake Ontario. Journal of Great Lakes Research 38: 91-98.
• Chomicki, K.M., Howell, E.T., Defields, E., Dumas, A., and Taylor, W.D. (2016)  Factors influencing the phosphorus distribution near the mouth of the Grand River, Ontario, Lake Erie.  Journal of Great Lakes Research 42.

Taste and Odor Issues:

• Skafel, M.G. and Yerubandi, R.R. (2003) Physical processes in western Lake Ontario during a taste and odour episode. Canadian Coastal Conference.
• Rao, Y.R., Skafel, M.G., Howell, T., and Murthy, R.C. (2003) Physical Processes Controlling Taste and Odor Episodes in Lake Ontario Drinking Water. Journal of Great Lakes Research 29(1): 70-78.

Emerging Great Lakes Research

• International Association of Great Lakes Research
• Journal of Great Lakes Research (subscription required for full access to the journal, however, abstracts to journal articles are visible to everyone)

References

• Art, H.W. (1993) Eutrophication, in Art, H.W., ed., A dictionary of ecology and environmental science (1st ed.): New York, New York, Henry Holt and Company, p. 196.
• Auer, M.T., Gatzke, T.L. (2004). The spring runoff period, thermal bar formation, and cross margin transport in Lake Superior. Journal of Great Lakes Research 30(S1): 64-81.
• Beletsky, D. Saylor, J.H., and Schwab, D.J. (1999) Mean Circulation in the Great Lakes. Journal of Great Lakes Research 25(1): 78-93.
• Booty, W.G., Wong, I., Bowen, G.S., Fong, P., McCrimmon, C., and Leon, L. (2013 – in press) Loading estimate methods to support integrated watershed-lake modelling: Duffins Creek, Lake Ontario. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada.
• Bowen G.S. and Booty, W.G. (2012a). Tributary Loads to Lake Ontario. Presentation Lake Ontario Collaborative Workshop, Black Creek Pioneer Village. November 20, 2012.
• Bowen G.S. and Booty, W.G. (2012b). Estimates of Phosphorus Loads to Nearshore of Lake Ontario. November 2012. Presentation to Duffin WPCP Outfall EA Study Advisory Committee.
• CH2MHILL, (2013) Environmental Study Report Class Environmental Assessment to Address Outfall Capacity Limitations at the Duffin Creek Water Pollution Control Plant. CH2M Hill Canada Limited.
• Csanady, G. T. (1972) The Coastal Boundary Layer in Lake Ontario: Part II. The Summer-Fall Regime. Journal of Physical Oceanography 2: 168-176.
• Dillon, P.J., and Molot, L.A. (2005), Long-term trends in catchment export and lake retention of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, total iron, and total phosphorus: The Dorset, Ontario, study, 1978-1998, J. Geophys. Res., 110, G01002, doi:10.1029/2004JG000003.
• Eimers, M.C., Winter, J.G., Scheider, W.A., Watmough, S.A., and Nicholls, K.H. (2005) RecentChanges and Patterns in the Water Chemistry of Lake Simcoe. Journal of Great Lakes Research 31: 322-332.
• Higgins, S.N., Pennuto, C.M., Howell, E.T., Lewis, T.W., and Makarewicz, J.C. (2012) Urban influences on Cladophora blooms in Lake Ontario. Journal of Great Lakes Research 38(S4): 116-123.
• Howell, E.T., Chomicki, K.M., and Kaltenecker, G. (2012a) Tributary discharge, lake circulation, and lake biology as drivers of water quality in the Canadian Nearshore of Lake Ontario. Journal of Great Lakes Research 38(S4): 47-61.
• Howell, E.T., Chomicki, K.M., and Kaltenecker, G. (2012b) Patterns in water quality on Canadian shores of Lake Ontario: Correspondence with proximity to land and level of urbanization. Journal of Great Lakes Research 38 (S4): 32-46.
• Leon, L.F., Smith, R.E.H., Malkin, S.Y., Depew, D., Hipsey, M.R., Antenucci, J.P., Higgins, S.N., Hecky, R.E., Rao, R.Y. (2012). Nested 3D modeling of the spatial dynamics of nutrients and phytoplankton in a Lake Ontario nearshore zone. Journal of Great Lakes Research 38(S4): 171-183.
• Makarewicz, J.C., Lewis, T.W., Pennuto, C.M., Atkinson, J.F., Edwards, W.J., Boyer, G.L., Howell, E.T., and Thomas, G. (2012) Physical and chemical characteristics of the nearshore zone of Lake Ontario. Journal of Great Lakes Research 38(S4): 21-31.
• Makarewicz, J.C., Lewis, T.W., Boyer, G.L., and Edwards, W.J. (2012b) The influence of streams on nearshore water chemistry, Lake Ontario. Journal of Great Lakes Research 38(S4): 62-71.
• Makarewicz, J.C., Booty, W.G., and Bowen, G.S. (2012c) Tributary phosphorus loading to Lake Ontario. Journal of Great Lakes Research 38(S4): 14-20.
• Malkin, S.Y., Dove, A., Depew, D., Smith, R.E., Guildford, S.J., and Hecky, R.E. (2010) Spatiotemporal patterns of water quality in Lake Ontario and their implications for nuisance growth of Cladophora. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 36(3): 477-489.
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2013)
• Ontario Ministry of the Environment (2012). The chemical water quality of Lake Nipissing 2003-2004. Queen’s Printer for Ontario.
• Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (2013)